A child’s vocabulary is well indicated by his knowledge of synonyms and antonyms. Children, as a rule, do not do well with both of them. But there is nothing complicated about this. There is such a children's game of antonyms - "Opposites". One names the word, the second selects its antonym. This game enjoys great attention among children's and even adult entertainers, and it is a frequent entertainment at holiday parties. So you can play antonyms with your child, and he will remember these words and show off his knowledge not only at the holiday, but also in his future essays.
To begin with, antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Dictionaries of antonyms are huge, sometimes even an adult does not know the meaning of some words in them, let alone the meaning of the opposite... On this page we have collected for you only simple antonyms for simple words, elementary school level, subject to memorization by students 1,2 ,3,4 grades.
Brief dictionary of antonyms:
neat - sloppy
antonym - synonym
White black
turn pale - turn red, darken
shine - flicker, dim
close - distant
rich man - poor man
big small
fast - slow
century - moment
true - wrong
cheerful - sad, sad, boring
windy - windless
old - new
Turn on, turn off
inside Outside
question answer
east - west, west(sea)
sunrise - sunset
enter - exit
high Low
extinguish - light up
smooth - rough
vowel - consonant
deep - shallow
speak - remain silent
hungry - full
town - village, village
bitter - sweet
hot Cold
heat - cool
dirt - cleanliness
dirty - clean
do - mess around
day Night
dialogue - monologue
good evil
friend - enemy
hefty - frail
go - stop
heat - cold
hard - soft
reserved - sociable
healthy - sick
green - mature, ripe
winter summer
sincere - hypocritical
truth - delusion, deception
source - mouth
strong - fragile
sour - sweet
lazy - hard worker
superfluous - necessary
dexterous - clumsy
go to bed - get up
love - hate
freeze - warm up
peace - war, quarrel
a lot - a little
mighty - weak
wet - dry
wise - stupid
soft - hard
hope - despair
deliberate - accidental
unperturbed - unbalanced
simple - sophisticated
new - old
abundant - scanty
defend - attack
educated - ignorant
to upset - to console
sharp - dull
brave - cowardly, cowardly
frank - secretive
open close
obvious - doubtful
plus - minus
victory - defeat
hang - remove
useful - harmful
put - take
benefit - harm
help - hinder
true False
truthful - deceitful
picky - unpretentious
pleasant - repulsive
empty - full
fluffy - smooth
joy - sadness, sadness
difference - similarity
quick - slow
decisive - unsure
timid - brave
Homeland, fatherland - foreign land
light - darkness, darkness
dawn - dusk
north - south, south (sea)
laugh - cry
save - destroy
sleep - stay awake
start - finish
full - hungry
hard - soft
dark - light
cramped - spacious
thick - thin
thin - thick
work - rest
difficult - easy
to grieve - to rejoice
assure - dissuade
gloomy - friendly
moving away - getting closer
narrow - wide
intentional - accidental
stubborn - flexible
success - failure
sympathetic - indifferent
negligent - conscientious
brave - cowardly
frequent - rare
honest - mean
wide narrow
generous - stingy
bright - dim
furious - meek
clear - cloudy, stormy
Game “Say it differently” (with a magic wand).
Goal: to introduce synonyms of different parts of speech into children's speech.
The children stood in a circle and, answering, passed each other a magic wand.
Fight - battle, battle.
Storm - hurricane, storm.
Doctor is a doctor.
Kids - children, guys.
Cold - cold, frost.
Polite - amiable.
Dense - dense, dull.
Hot - sultry, hot
Interesting - entertaining, captivating.
Wet - damp, damp.
Elderly - old, decrepit.
The game “Who will say otherwise?” (with a ball).
Goal: to teach children to understand and remember words and synonyms.
The children were given a word, and the child who found a synonym for it was given a ball. This child passed the ball to the next person who chose the correct word. All the children wanted to be with the ball in their hands, so the children tried to quickly find the right word (synonym). Run - rush, rush. Worry - worry, worry. Fight - fight, fight, fight. To be afraid - to be frightened, to be afraid, to be timid. To grieve - to grieve, to be sad. To look - to admire, to gaze.
Game "Stubborn Children"
The children were told that they had suddenly become stubborn and should say the opposite. For example, if they hear the word “opened,” they should say “closed.”
drove off - arrived, flew off - flew in
entered - moved out took off - landed
left - drove off - drove off
swam - swam swam - swam AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Game "Say the other way around"
Goal: learn to understand and select words with opposite meanings.
The adult said a phrase with an epithet, the child repeated it, naming the antonym of the epithet. For example, an adult said: “I see a tall house.” The child answered: “I see a low house.” (I have a sharp knife. - I have a dull knife).
Exercise “Guess the word” Formation of antonyms.
Goal: to teach children to select adjectives with the opposite meaning.
Children were asked to complete the sentence and then repeat it in full. The oak is big, and the rowan is.
The pine is tall, and the bush.
The bee flies and the caterpillar.
The road is wide and there is a path.
The honey fungus is edible, and the fly agaric.
Exercise “Pick it Right”
Goal: to develop children’s passive vocabulary, to clarify the meanings of words using synonyms; develop the ability to select the appropriate word for a phrase.
Example: Thick fog. Dense forest.
Dense, dense (forest, fog); Old, elderly (person, couple);
Brown, brown (suit, eyes); Swarthy, dark (face, hair);
Hot, sultry (tea, air).
3. Development of word formation
Game “Name it kindly”
Goal: to teach children to form nouns with an affectionate meaning.
braid - bag - hat -
Game "Big - small"
Goal: to teach children to form nouns with diminutive and affectionate meanings.
castle - ball -
chair - hare -
key - apple -
son - orange -
bell - banana -
Game "Body"
Goal: develop interest in the game, teach children to form nouns with an affectionate meaning.
The children were told: “Here is a box (points to the basket), put everything you need in it - ok.” Preschoolers selected words in - approx. The winner was the one who named the most words (lump, teremok, etc.).
Exercise “What shall we cook?”
From apple - apple jam;
From banana - banana jam;
From lemon - lemon juice;
From pears - pear compote;
From raspberries - raspberry jam;
From mushrooms - mushroom soup, etc.
Exercise “Which?”
Goal: to teach children to form high-quality adjectives. The cucumber is green, and the tomato is (what kind?).
The chair is low, and the table is (what?).
The elephant is big, and the ant is (which one?).
Exercise “What is what?”
Goal: to teach children to form relative adjectives from nouns.
made of straw -
made of wool -
from fur -
made of clay -
from glass-
made of cardboard
from paper-
from snow-
made of metal -
made of iron-
Exercise “Whose tail?” (Whose paw. Whose ear.)
Goal: to teach children to form possessive adjectives from nouns.
at the whale - at the wolf -
at the badger - at the squirrel -
at the cat - at the duck -
at the lion - at the cat -
at the goose - at the fox -
at the rooster - at the dog -
Exercise “Say the word”
Goal: to teach children to form nouns and adjectives in different ways.
Poems (by I. Lapukhin) were read to the children, and they guessed what words, similar to the word “house,” should be used to end every second line.
Once upon a time there was a cheerful gnome
He built it in the forest. (house).
A smaller gnome lived nearby
He did it under a bush. (house).
The smallest gnome
I put it under the mushroom. (little house).
Old, wise gnome - dwarf
Built a big one. (house).
He was old and he was gray
And it was big. (homebody).
And behind the stove behind the chimney Lived with a gnome. (brownie).
Very strict, businesslike, neat, . (homey).
Moss, viburnum, St. John's wort -
He brought everything from the forest. (home).
He loved yesterday's soup
He drank only kvass (homemade).
Every day the neighbors are gnomes
We visited our grandfather. (Houses).
The gnome greeted everyone cordially,
Everyone loved this one. (house).
The set of exercises can include literary works of different genres: sayings, proverbs, poems, riddles, fairy tales.
4. Mastering the lexical compatibility of words
Exercise “Memorize and change the word according to the model”
Goal: learn to change nouns by numbers.
notebook notebook notebooks
Exercise “One - Many”
Goal: to teach children to form the plural of nouns and use them correctly in a sentence.
This is a lemon, and these are... lemons.
This is a pear, and these are pears.
This is an apple, and these are... apples.
Exercise “What color”
Goal: to learn to correctly coordinate the name of an object with the name of a feature. Sample: red apple.
Apple, T-shirt, flag, ball, towel, plate.
At the end of the formative experiment, a repeated study of the vocabulary of children in the control and experimental groups was conducted. Similar tasks described in section 2.1 were used as a diagnostic technique. Their content was updated with similar speech material, but the essence of the tasks remained the same.
As a result of the analysis of the data obtained during the control experiment, it was revealed that children of both groups made mistakes, but the experimental group made fewer of them than the control group.
Purpose of the game: to teach children to form antonym verbs using prefixes.
Material. Two monkeys (toys).
Progress of the game.
Today we will play stubborn and obedient children. Listen to my story. The monkey's mother had two daughters. The eldest was called Novice, the youngest was Stubborn. The stubborn woman loved to do everything the other way around. The novice will collect the toys, the Stubborn will scatter them. If the sister closes the door, Stubborn..... (with the intonation of incompleteness, the teacher stimulates the children to answer: she will open). If he brings it... (takes it away), sews it... (tears it off), cleans it... (gets it dirty), shuts up... (speaks), hangs it up... (takes it off), etc.
"Say it backwards"
Goal: development of thinking, activation of vocabulary.
Progress of the game.
The presenter throws the ball to the child, calls out a word, and the child throws the ball back and calls out a word with the opposite meaning:
cheerful - sad
fast - slow
beautiful - ugly
empty - full
thin - fat
smart - stupid
hardworking - lazy
heavy - light
cowardly - brave
hard - soft
light dark
long short
high Low
sharp - dull
hot Cold
sick - healthy
wide narrow
"I'll start, you finish"
Goal: to teach children to compose sentences using prefixed verbs with the opposite meaning; develop the ability to quickly find the exact word.
The teacher begins the sentence using a prefixed verb. Children complete the sentence using a single-root verb with a prefix of the opposite meaning.
The boy first approached the house, and then... (moved away). In the morning the children came to kindergarten, and in the evening... (left). The boy entered the room, and soon he... (left). The guys ran along the right side, and then... (ran) to the left. The children played hide and seek. They ran behind the house and hid, but soon they... (ran out).
"Funny Cars".
(Active game with words).
Goal: activation of verbs of motion in speech.
When leaving, at the signal, each “car” must say a verb of motion (eg left, left, went, drove off, rolled, rushed, etc.).
Having arrived at the garage, say: arrived, drove up, drove in, arrived, rushed, etc.).
Reading the poem "Ball" by S.Ya. Marshak.
"Native nature in poems and riddles"
Goal: to develop the ability to find antonyms in poems, select synonyms for certain words.
Progress of the game.
1. The teacher invites the children to guess riddles about nature and find antonyms in them.
Round and bright
gives everyone warmth.
Got up in the morning early,
It went across the sky.
It's sunset In the evening
Behind the fishing line.
Guess what, kids?
Who am I talking about? (Sun)
It curls like a ribbon
Blue in the haze
Can be calm
Can hit the wave
Dark and deep,
That you can't see the bottom.
Shallow And transparent
Maybe she
And in the heat he bathes
Us in our own wave.
What it is,
What kind of bird?
Black, big.
Hanging above the ground
Blocking out the sun.
Big tears
Mom hides her daughter.
How will she rush?
Everything around is getting dark,
To avoid getting wet,
I'll run away quickly. (Cloud)
And choose the opposite word (antonym) to the words:
black....
big....
it's getting dark...
quicker....
3. Find synonymous words:
The aspen tree is chilling,
Trembling in the wind
It gets cold in the sun,
Freezes in the heat.
The oak tree is not at all afraid of rain and wind
Who said that oak is afraid of catching a cold?
After all, until late autumn the oak tree remains green
This means the oak is hardy, which means it is hardened.
Goal: to teach children to select synonyms with additional semantic shades for verbs and adjectives.
Progress of the game.
1. The teacher gives the handkerchief to the child, naming the verb, the child gives the handkerchief back, naming a synonym for the verb.
Think - .... (think), open - ..... (open), find - ... (find), chill - ... (freeze), hit - ... (surprise), play naughty - ... (indulge), amuse - .... (entertain), forgive - ... (excuse), call - ... (invite), roar - ... (cry), rush - ... ( rush), spin - ... (spin), fear - ... (be afraid), throw - .... (throw).
2. Then children can practice selecting synonyms with additional semantic shades for adjectives.
This house is big, and this one.... (huge). These clothes are old, and this dress is completely... (worn out). This dress is a little damp, but this one is completely..... (wet). The boy is silent, and the girl..... (taciturn). Yesterday the day was warm, but today..... (hot).
"Choose the right word"
Goal: to learn to select antonyms for ambiguous adjectives and phrases with ambiguous verbs and adjectives; develop the ability to understand the literal and figurative meaning of words.
Progress of the game.
Children are offered ambiguous adjectives that change their meaning depending on the context. You need to find antonyms for them.
The stream is shallow, and the river..... (deep). Currant berries are small, and strawberries..... (large).
The porridge is cooked thick, and the soup.... (thin). The forest is sometimes dense, but sometimes... (sparse).
After rain the ground is damp, but in sunny weather.... (dry). We buy raw potatoes and eat.... (boiled).
The following phrases can be used as speech material:
A thin bucket, a thin dress, a thin man.
The boy is running, the horse is running, the water is running, time is running, the streams are running.
A flower grows, a child grows, a house grows.
Hot day, hot weather, heated argument.
"We need to say it differently"
Goal: to teach children to select words that are close in meaning to a phrase.
Listen to the poem:
"The Snow Maiden cried as she said goodbye to winter,
She followed her sadly, a stranger to everyone in the forest.
Where she walked and cried, touching the birches,
Snowdrops have grown - the Snow Maiden's tears."
T. Belozerova "Snowdrops".
These are the kind words the poet found to talk about snowdrops and spring. What was the Snow Maiden like as she said goodbye to winter? (Sad)
By the way sad choose words that are similar in meaning ( sad, sad)
If the Snow Maiden is sad, then what is her mood? (Bad)
Listen to what sentences I name: “It’s raining. The Snow Maiden is coming.”
What word was repeated? (Goes.) Try replacing the word coming. It is raining....( it's pouring). The Snow Maiden is coming...( walks). Spring is coming - how can you say it differently? ( Coming.) The car is moving... (driving).
Similarly, tasks with the following phrases are given:
fresh air ( fresh), pure water ( transparent), clean dishes ( washed); the plane landed ( landed), the sun has set ( it's gone); the river runs ( flows, streams), boy runs ( rushes, rushes).
"Find another word"
Goal: to develop in children the ability to select the most accurate designation for a given situation; learn to select synonyms and antonyms for adjectives.
Dad started making swings for the children. Misha brought him a rope. Dad said: “No, this rope is no good, it will break.” Dad took another rope: “But this one will never break.” What rope did dad take? How can you tell about her?
Listen to two sentences: “Vova grew up as a strong boy. He felt strong ice under his feet.”
What does the word mean strong? How can you say these sentences differently? Make up your own sentence with the word strong.
The following sentences are considered similarly: "Boy trembling by cold. Bunny trembling because of fear".
"Ball Game"
I will throw a ball to everyone, saying a word. You're throwing the ball back at me by saying the opposite.
Long - ..... short, deep - ...... shallow, soft - ....... hard, light - ..... heavy, thin - .... thick, thick - . .... rare, liquid, strong - ...... weak.
Talk - ...... be silent, make laugh - ..... bring to tears, allow - ..... prohibit, fall - ..... get up, laugh - .... cry, light up - . ... extinguish, help - ..... interfere
"Find the opposite word"
Goal: to develop in children the ability to select words that have opposite meanings.
Sugar is sweet, and lemon.....( sour). The moon is visible at night, and the sun....( during the day). The fire is hot and the ice.....( cold). The poplar is tall, and the rosehip..... ( short). The river is wide, and the stream....( narrow). The stone is heavy, and the fluff..... ( easy). The radish is bitter, and the pear..... ( sweet).
If the soup is not hot, then what kind is it? ( Cold.) If there is no light in the room, then in it...( dark). If the bag is not heavy, then it is.... ( light). If the knife is not dull, then it....( spicy).
Goal: To develop the ability to find antonym words in proverbs and sayings.
Speech material:
" Learning is light and ignorance is darkness."
"Talk less and do more."
"Work feeds, but laziness spoils."
"Prepare the sleigh in the summer and the cart in the winter."
"A lot of work is better than a lot of idleness"
"Summer gathers, and winter eats away."
"Foreign land - viburnum, homeland - raspberry."
Nadezhda Grekhanina
Summary of the lesson “Synonyms” for children of the preparatory group
PLAN - LESSON SUMMARY.
Subject - "Speech Development".
Subject: "Words are friends"- 1 hour.
Educational purpose: create conditions for acquaintance children with concept"words-friends".
Activity goal: to form abilities children to a new action - the use in your speech of words that are similar in meaning.
Tasks:
- educational: learn to select words that are similar in meaning; learn to compose sentences with given words;
- developing: develop phonemic hearing, coherent speech, vocabulary, memory, attention, interest in the Russian language;
- educational: bring up: ability to act according to verbal instructions; ability to work in pairs groups, collectively.
Planned result: know the meaning of friend words, be able to select words close in meaning.
Personal actions: have an interest in learning the Russian language, the ability to self-assess based on observing their own speech and the speech of their comrades; are able to construct oral statements in connection with the studied material, participate in dialogue with the teacher and children, understand someone else’s point of view and argue their own, construct a productive speech statement, accurately and clearly express thoughts, extract useful information from classes, navigate your system knowledge: ask questions, find answers to them, using your life experience and information received on class.
Basic Concepts: words-friends (synonyms) .
Vocabulary work: beehive, buddy.
Interdisciplinary connections: wonderful world, physical education, children's literature.
Resources:
1. Didactic material: kit "Check the mood".
2. Audio recording: cheerful children's laughter, any calm music.
3. Laptop, projector, screen, speakers.
4. Puzzles: "Fox", "Hare".
5. Stickers for children.
List of used literature:
1. Lessons for future first-graders. O. S. Zhukova. – M.: Astrel; SPb. Owl, 2008. (Club of cheerful preschool children);
2. Speech development. Preparation for school. /R. M. Khamidulina. – M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. (Series "Preschool education").
Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge.
Organization of space: frontal work, group, individual.
Methods: gaming, activity-based, personality-oriented, partially search-based.
Technologies: interactive, health-saving.
Progress of the lesson
1. Organizational moment.
Purpose of the stage: inclusion in activities.
Greetings children. Positive attitude to work.
Slide 1. Organization classes.
The bell has rung for us.
Everyone calmly entered the classroom.
Everyone stood up at their desks beautifully,
Everyone sat down quietly and politely.
We will sigh with a smile
AND let's start the lesson!
Slide 2. Mood children.
Checking readiness for occupation.
Before you start occupation, guys, I want to know your mood.
Whoever is in a good mood, clap your hands, and now whoever is not in a very good mood, clap your hands. I hope in the end classes everyone will be in a good mood. Children enter the office, say hello and take their seats.
2. Call stage.
Motivation for learning activities.
Purpose of the stage: defining the content framework classes.
Our speech is very rich in beautiful words. And the more we pronounce them, the more beautiful our speech, the more interesting it is for other people to communicate with us, but for this we need to train daily. The one who speaks better is the one who listens carefully to people who speak culturally.
3. Goal setting (goal setting).
Purpose of the stage: discussion of difficulties (why there were difficulties, what we don’t know yet).
Today we will take a journey through the country of new words, without which our speech is not possible. Fun tasks, games and puzzles await us. And so, we set off on a journey to find new words.
Slide 3. Bus.
Look what we're going on our trip with?
And so, our journey to the land of new words begins. And the most active ones will receive interesting stickers. Children prepare psychologically for the journey and understand that in the end classes The most active ones will choose interesting stickers as a gift.
4. Updating knowledge.
Purpose of the stage: organize the updating of actions for the problematic presentation of new material.
Look at the emoticons and determine their mood.
Angry.
Offended.
Smiles.
He is happy.
Laughs.
The emoticons in the pictures will tell you what mood they are in...
(Three children at the board they tell what the mood is in their pictures.)
They look at the emoticons and determine their mood.
And the rest check them.
5. Discovery of new knowledge.
Purpose of the stage: building a project for getting out of a difficulty.
We often talk about the same thing, but in different ways. It turns out that there are words for friends in the Russian language. And although they are written differently and sound differently, they mean the same thing.
For example:
big man - huge man - huge man;
By the way, in which fairy tale was there a big man? (Gulliver)
Slide 6. Gulliver.
Little girl - tiny - tiny.
What fairy-tale girl are we talking about? (Thumbelina)
Slide 7. Thumbelina.
Do you remember who saved Thumbelina?
Of course, her friends.
And words have friends.
Big - huge - huge; small - tiny - tiny - words-friends, "words with similar meaning" or "words- synonyms» .
For some words you can choose not just one word that is close in meaning, but several.
Slide 8. "Zaikin's Hut".
Let's remember this fairy tale
("Zaikin's Hut").
Slide 9. The fox is a liar.
Who did the fox deceive?
What other words can replace the word deceived?
Deceived - outsmarted - fooled - tricked.
What fox?
A deceiver, a liar.
Who helped the bunny?
Slide 10. Cockerel.
What cockerel?
Brave – courageous – courageous – courageous – fearless.
If there were fewer words-friends, then we would be bored with speaking the same words. Listen: The man is running. The river is running.
Let's replace the word "runs" in a sentence "The River Runs" a word close in meaning.
Slide 11. River.
The river runs, bubbles, murmurs, makes noise, pours.
How boring it just sounded "the river runs", and how beautiful it turned out when we used words that were close in meaning.
Children listen, remember fairy tales, name the heroes of fairy tales, name words-friends.
They remember the fairy tale and find the answer to the question.
Select words that are close in meaning.
Phys. just a minute
Slide 12. Boat exercise.
Imagine that there is a river in front of us and we need to get to the other side. We sit in two boats and row with oars.
(Children, sitting, turned, facing each other, holding hands, pull each other towards themselves.)
6. Consolidation of new knowledge.
Purpose of the stage
Vocabulary work.
Slide 13. Birch grove.
Look where we ended up? In the forest.
Let's take a break and listen to a short story.
Slide 14. Bear cubs and beehive.
Two little bear cubs went for a walk and found a beehive. What is a beehive?
Slide 15. Teddy bear and she-bear.
One bear cub was stung by a bee and became sad.
How else can you say about him? Match the word "sad" words that are similar in meaning.
Sad, gloomy, dull, dreary.
Phys. just a minute
Slide 16. Fun warm-up.
And now we'll warm up,
Let's smile, laugh.
Bend lower, lower,
Head closer to knees.
Now don't be lazy.
Okay, bend back.
Turn your head
Stretch, stretch!
Are you guys tired?
Sit down and stand up!
Sit down and stand up!
Everyone waved their hands
And they ran to the place!
“Consolidation of new knowledge”.
Purpose of the stage: checking children's understanding of new material.
Slide 17. Exercise for the eyes.
We need to be attentive when traveling, so eye exercises won't hurt us.
Slide 18. Proverb.
And now I will read you a proverb. It also contains words-friends.
There are many friends, but no friend.
Name the words- synonyms.
Tell me how you understand these words?
Get to know a new word.
Explain the meaning of the proverb, find words-friends.
Exercise for the eyes.
Slide 19. Hand exercises.
We'll light the lanterns
And then let's go for a walk!
Here the lanterns are shining,
They light our way!
Now it's time to find friends.
A game "Find Friends".
Slide 20. Game "Find Friends".
Do you want to play? The game is called "Find Friends". For a given word, you need to choose a friend word from the following words. Listen to them and choose the right words.
Neat, fire, clean, jump, jump, throw, flame, throw.
Need words of friends? For what?
We use friend words to make our speech precise, expressive and vivid.
Slide 21. Forest.
Now it's not scary to walk through the forest.
And now you will find out who we met in the forest. To do this you need to split into two groups and assemble pictures from the parts. (Children collect the fox and the hare.)
Slide 22. Hare and fox.
What's the first the group worked?
What's the second one? the group worked?
Are the fox and the hare friends?
No, enemies and words can be enemies. On the next in class you will learn what words are these? Choose words-friends.
Draw a conclusion together with the teacher.
Animals are assembled from puzzles: fox, hare.
Work in groups.
7. Summing up classes.
Reflection.
Did you enjoy the trip?
What words are you familiar with?
Name the words - friends.
Slide 23. Mood.
Clap for those who were interested. Clap for those who were sad. Why? - And now children who were active and attentive will receive stickers from cartoons. Children draw a conclusion.
On class I liked it because...
It was difficult for me because...
I was sad because...
I understood…
EXERCISE 1.
1. Who flies? (List it.) Who flutters? Who's soaring?
2. Who is jumping? Who's jumping? 8. Who is screaming? Who's bawling? Who's roaring?
SHOW: how do they walk, ... walk, ... hobble? Conclusion: Synonyms basically mean the same phenomenon, but with different shades. Yelling means raising the volume of your voice when necessary. The word bawl has a different connotation: gorlanit means to shout with pleasure, cheerfully, regardless of whether there is a need for it or not. Yell - express your emotions loudly (usually to the displeasure of others). The words scream and shout are used, as a rule, with a negative assessment of the one who raises his voice.
TASK 2. (for children who can read)
Correct stylistic errors. This little story contains stylistic errors that can be corrected by replacing some words in the text with synonyms. Write down the synonyms you find in block letters in your notebook.
I look out the window in the morning and see that today is a good day. Nice spring weather: the sun is shining cheerfully, the first blades of grass are breaking through. They sell the first spring flowers - violets, which smell so good. I'm in a surprisingly good mood!
ANTONYMS
Explain the concept of “antonym” - a word with opposite meaning. Example: take the noun elephant. One of the characteristics of an elephant is its large size. We can express this with the adjective big. Let's take the noun mouse. The adjective that expresses the attribute of this noun (size) is small. The elephant is big - the mouse is small. Big and small are antonyms, that is, concepts opposite to each other in meaning. However, the nouns elephant and mouse are not antonyms. The fact is that antonym words must be contrasted with one, most important feature. The concepts large and small denote the same attribute, namely size (only different sizes). The concepts evil - good also mean one sign - a good person or an evil one. After all, evil means unkind, and good means not evil. It's clear? An elephant and a mouse cannot be contrasted (that is, compared) on one basis. They are different in everything: in size, in appearance, in character, they live in different countries, etc. So, you need to remember: antonym words are contrasted on one basis .
EXERCISE 1.
Give me an antonym.
The teacher names the word and throws the ball, the child tells the antonym. Children who have not named the word can collect forfeits, chips, etc.
TASK 2.
What concepts are opposed in these sayings? Write down the antonyms in your notebook.
- Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils him.
- A small deed is better than a big idleness.
- A bad start does not lead to a good ending.
- A small word creates a big offense.
- Don’t capture someone else’s, and don’t scatter yours.
- He who is not afraid of business shuns laziness.
- If you knew how to make mistakes, you knew how to get better.
- If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled.
- The master's work is afraid.